Trac Macros

Trac macros are plugins to extend the Trac engine with custom 'functions' written in Python. A macro inserts dynamic HTML data in any context supporting WikiFormatting.

Another kind of macros are WikiProcessors. They typically deal with alternate markup formats and representation of larger blocks of information (like source code highlighting).

Using Macros

Macro calls are enclosed in two square brackets. Like Python functions, macros can also have arguments, a comma separated list within parentheses.

Getting Detailed Help

The list of available macros and the full help can be obtained using the MacroList macro, as seen below.

A brief list can be obtained via [[MacroList(*)]] or [[?]].

Detailed help on a specific macro can be obtained by passing it as an argument to MacroList, e.g. [[MacroList(MacroList)]], or, more conveniently, by appending a question mark (?) to the macro's name, like in [[MacroList?]].

Example

A list of 3 most recently changed wiki pages starting with 'Trac':

Wiki Markup	Display
[[RecentChanges(Trac,3)]]	22/08/2013 TracInterfaceCustomization (diff) TracSupport (diff) TracUpgrade (diff)
[[RecentChanges?(Trac,3)]]	[[RecentChanges]] List all pages that have recently been modified, grouping them by the day they were last modified. This macro accepts two parameters. The first is a prefix string: if provided, only pages with names that start with the prefix are included in the resulting list. If this parameter is omitted, all pages are listed. The second parameter is a number for limiting the number of pages returned. For example, specifying a limit of 5 will result in only the five most recently changed pages to be included in the list.
[[?]]	[[Image]] Embed an image in wiki-formatted text. The first argument is the file … [[InterTrac]] Provide a list of known InterTrac prefixes. [[InterWiki]] Provide a description list for the known InterWiki prefixes. [[KnownMimeTypes]] List all known mime-types which can be used as WikiProcessors. Can be … etc.

Available Macros

Note that the following list will only contain the macro documentation if you've not enabled -OO optimizations, or not set the PythonOptimize option for mod_python.

[[BlogList]]

A macro to display list of posts and extracts outside (or inside) the Blog module - most commonly Wiki pages.

All arguments are optional:

[[BlogList]]

Available named arguments:

• recent= - max. number of posts
• category= - a category
• author= - an author
• period= - time period of the format YYYY/MM
• heading= - a heading for the list
• format= - type of display (see below for details)
• max_size= - max. number of characters to render for each post
• meta= - use =off to hide date, author and categories (default 'on')

Example showing some available named arguments:

[[BlogList(recent=5, max_size=250, period=2007/12, author=osimons, format=float, heading=Some Trac Posts)]]

The arguments for criteria are 'AND'-based, so the above example will render at most 5 posts by 'osimons' in December 2007.

There is no heading unless specified.

Without restriction on recent number of posts, it will use the number currently active in the Blog module as default for 'float' and 'full' rendering, but for rendering of 'inline' list it will render all found as default unless restricted. Additionally for 'float' and 'full' it will truncate content if it is larger than a max_size (if set).

The format= keyword argument supports rendering these formats:

format=inline	Renders an unordered list in the normal text flow (default).
format=float	A floating box out on the side of the page with slightly more detail.
format=full	Full rendering like on period, category and author listings inside blog.

The arguments can appear in any order.

Posts are rendered sorted by newest first for all modes.

[[Image]]

Embed an image in wiki-formatted text.

The first argument is the file specification. The file specification may reference attachments in three ways:

• module:id:file, where module can be either wiki or ticket, to refer to the attachment named file of the specified wiki page or ticket.
• id:file: same as above, but id is either a ticket shorthand or a Wiki page name.
• file to refer to a local attachment named 'file'. This only works from within that wiki page or a ticket.

Also, the file specification may refer to repository files, using the source:file syntax (source:file@rev works also).

Files can also be accessed with a direct URLs; /file for a project-relative, //file for a server-relative, or http://server/file for absolute location of the file.

The remaining arguments are optional and allow configuring the attributes and style of the rendered <img> element:

• digits and unit are interpreted as the size (ex. 120, 25%) for the image
• right, left, center, top, bottom and middle are interpreted as the alignment for the image (alternatively, the first three can be specified using align=... and the last three using valign=...)
• link=some TracLinks... replaces the link to the image source by the one specified using a TracLinks. If no value is specified, the link is simply removed.
• nolink means without link to image source (deprecated, use link=)
• key=value style are interpreted as HTML attributes or CSS style indications for the image. Valid keys are:
  • align, valign, border, width, height, alt, title, longdesc, class, margin, margin-(left,right,top,bottom), id and usemap
  • border, margin, and margin-* can only be a single number
  • margin is superseded by center which uses auto margins

Examples:

    [[Image(photo.jpg)]]                           # simplest
    [[Image(photo.jpg, 120px)]]                    # with image width size
    [[Image(photo.jpg, right)]]                    # aligned by keyword
    [[Image(photo.jpg, nolink)]]                   # without link to source
    [[Image(photo.jpg, align=right)]]              # aligned by attribute

You can use image from other page, other ticket or other module.

    [[Image(OtherPage:foo.bmp)]]    # if current module is wiki
    [[Image(base/sub:bar.bmp)]]     # from hierarchical wiki page
    [[Image(#3:baz.bmp)]]           # if in a ticket, point to #3
    [[Image(ticket:36:boo.jpg)]]
    [[Image(source:/images/bee.jpg)]] # straight from the repository!
    [[Image(htdocs:foo/bar.png)]]   # image file in project htdocs dir.

Adapted from the Image.py macro created by Shun-ichi Goto <gotoh@…>

[[Include]]

A macro to include other resources in wiki pages. More documentation to follow.

[[InterTrac]]

Provide a list of known InterTrac prefixes.

[[InterWiki]]

Provide a description list for the known InterWiki prefixes.

[[KnownMimeTypes]]

List all known mime-types which can be used as WikiProcessors.

Can be given an optional argument which is interpreted as mime-type filter.

[[LastChangesBy]]

This macro prints a table similar to the [[ListOfWikiPages]] only with the By column missing and the author name in the table head.

[[LastChangesBy(martin_s)]]          # the last 5 changes by user `martin_s`
[[LastChangesBy(martin_s,10)]]       # the last 10 changes by user `martin_s`

[[LastChangesBy]]                    # or
[[LastChangesBy()]]                  # the last 5 changes by the current user (i.e. every user sees it's own changes, if logged-on)
[[LastChangesBy(,12)]]               # the last 12 changes by the current user

[[LastChangesBy(...,format=...]]     # Selects `long` or `short` table format
[[LastChangesBy(...,from=..,to=..]]  # Selects `from` and `to` time/date range

[[LastChangesBy(...,headline=...]]   # Overwrites headline, may not contain `','`

[[LastChangesBy(...,order=reverse]]  # Lists the wikis in reverse order. Only really useful with few wikis or with `to`/`from`.

[[LastChangesBy(..,exclude=pattern]] # Excludes wikis matching `pattern`. Wildcards `*` and `?` are supported.

[[Lineno]]

Wiki processor that prints line numbers for code blocks.

Example:

{{{
#!Lineno
#!java
class A {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    }
}
}}}

Line
1	class A {
2	public static void main(String[] args) {
3	}
4	}

[[ListOfWikiPages]]

Description

Website: ​http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/ListOfWikiPagesMacro

$Id: macro.py 8549 2010-08-30 21:57:45Z martin_s $

The macro ListOfWikiPages prints a table of all (user generated, i.e. non-trac-default) wiki pages with last changed date and author as requested in Request-a-Hack th:#2427. Version 0.2 provides also a long format which also includes the newest version number and links to the difference and the history as well as the last comment. This was requested by th:#4717.

The second macro provided by this package is LastChangesBy which prints the last changes made by the given user or the logged-in user if no username is given.

Usage

You can use the ListOfWikiPages macro like this:

[[ListOfWikiPages]]                     # default format as configured in the config file
[[ListOfWikiPages(format=short)]]       # short format
[[ListOfWikiPages(format=long)]]        # long format (new v0.2)

which prints a table of all wiki pages, or with a list of wiki pages:

[[ListOfWikiPages(ThatWikiPage,ThisWikiPage,AnotherWikiPage,format=...)]]

Since v0.3 the optional arguments from and to can be used to specify a time/date range as requested by th:#5344. The values of this arguments are taken as negative offsets to the current time (i.e. the time the wiki page is displayed). Allowed is a number followed by a unit which can be s,m,h,d,w,o,y for seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, month and years. If the unit is missing seconds are assumed.

[[ListOfWikiPages(from=3d)]]            # displays all wiki pages changed in the last three days
[[ListOfWikiPages(to=15m)]]             # displays all wiki pages was where changed longer than 15 minutes ago
[[ListOfWikiPages(from=4.5w,to=15h)]]   # displays all wiki pages was where changed between 4 1/2 week and 15 hours ago

A headline can be given using a headline argument:

[[ListOfWikiPages(headline=Headline text without any comma)]]     # sets a table headline, may not contain '`,`'

The order can be reversed, i.e. list the oldest wikis first, using:

[[ListOfWikiPages(order=reverse)]]

Unwanted wiki ranges (e.g. Trac*) can be excluded by the exclude=pattern option which can be given multiple times. The wildcards '*' (matches everything) and '?' (matches a single character) can be used in the pattern. (Requested by #6074)

[[ListOfWikiPages(exclude=Trac*,exclude=abc?)]]

[[ListTagged]]

Sorry, no documentation found

[[MacroList]]

Display a list of all installed Wiki macros, including documentation if available.

Optionally, the name of a specific macro can be provided as an argument. In that case, only the documentation for that macro will be rendered.

Note that this macro will not be able to display the documentation of macros if the PythonOptimize option is enabled for mod_python!

[[NewsFlash]]

Makes a colored box from the contents of the macro.

[[NewsFlashEnd]]

End a newflash box.

[[NewsFlashStart]]

Start a newflash box.

[[PageOutline]]

Display a structural outline of the current wiki page, each item in the outline being a link to the corresponding heading.

This macro accepts three optional parameters:

• The first is a number or range that allows configuring the minimum and maximum level of headings that should be included in the outline. For example, specifying "1" here will result in only the top-level headings being included in the outline. Specifying "2-3" will make the outline include all headings of level 2 and 3, as a nested list. The default is to include all heading levels.
• The second parameter can be used to specify a custom title (the default is no title).
• The third parameter selects the style of the outline. This can be either inline or pullout (the latter being the default). The inline style renders the outline as normal part of the content, while pullout causes the outline to be rendered in a box that is by default floated to the right side of the other content.

[[RecentChanges]]

List all pages that have recently been modified, grouping them by the day they were last modified.

This macro accepts two parameters. The first is a prefix string: if provided, only pages with names that start with the prefix are included in the resulting list. If this parameter is omitted, all pages are listed.

The second parameter is a number for limiting the number of pages returned. For example, specifying a limit of 5 will result in only the five most recently changed pages to be included in the list.

[[RecentTopics]]

Lists all topics that have been recently active grouping them by the day they were lastly active. This macro accepts two parameters. The first is a forum ID. If provided, only topics in that forum are included in the resulting list. If omitted, topics from all forums are listed. The second parameter is a number for limiting the number of topics returned. For example, specifying a limit of 5 will result in only the five most recently active topics to be included in the list.

[[RepositoryIndex]]

Display the list of available repositories.

Can be given the following named arguments:

format

Select the rendering format:

• compact produces a comma-separated list of repository prefix names (default)
• list produces a description list of repository prefix names
• table produces a table view, similar to the one visible in the Browse View page

glob

Do a glob-style filtering on the repository names (defaults to '*')

order

Order repositories by the given column (one of "name", "date" or "author")

desc

When set to 1, order by descending order

(since 0.12)

[[TOC]]

Generate a table of contents for the current page or a set of pages. If no arguments are given, a table of contents is generated for the current page, with the top-level title stripped:

    [[TOC]] 

To generate a table of contents for a set of pages, simply pass them as comma separated arguments to the TOC macro, e.g. as in

[[TOC(TracGuide, TracInstall, TracUpgrade, TracIni, TracAdmin, TracBackup,
      TracLogging, TracPermissions, TracWiki, WikiFormatting, TracBrowser,
      TracRoadmap, TracChangeset, TracTickets, TracReports, TracQuery,
      TracTimeline, TracRss, TracNotification)]]

A wildcard '*' can be used to fetch a sorted list of all pages starting with the preceding pagename stub:

[[TOC(Trac*, WikiFormatting, WikiMacros)]]

The following control arguments change the default behaviour of the TOC macro:

Argument	Meaning
heading=<x>	Override the default heading of "Table of Contents"
noheading	Suppress display of the heading.
depth=<n>	Display headings of subsequent pages to a maximum depth of <n>.
inline	Display TOC inline rather than as a side-bar.
sectionindex	Only display the page name and title of each page in the wiki section.
titleindex	Only display the page name and title of each page, similar to TitleIndex.
notitle	Supress display of page title.

For 'titleindex' argument, an empty pagelist will evaluate to all pages:

[[TOC(titleindex, notitle, heading=All pages)]]

'sectionindex' allows to generate a title index for all pages in a given section of the wiki. A section is defined by wiki page name, using '/' as a section level delimiter (like directories in a file system). Giving '/' or '*' as the page name produces the same result as 'titleindex' (title of all pages). If a page name ends with a '/', only children of this page will be processed. Else the page given in the argument is also included, if it exists. For 'sectionindex' argument, an empty pagelist will evaluate to all page below the same parent as the current page:

[[TOC(sectionindex, notitle, heading=This section pages)]]

[[TagCloud]]

Sorry, no documentation found

[[TicketQuery]]

Wiki macro listing tickets that match certain criteria.

This macro accepts a comma-separated list of keyed parameters, in the form "key=value".

If the key is the name of a field, the value must use the syntax of a filter specifier as defined in TracQuery#QueryLanguage. Note that this is not the same as the simplified URL syntax used for query: links starting with a ? character. Commas (,) can be included in field values by escaping them with a backslash (\).

Groups of field constraints to be OR-ed together can be separated by a litteral or argument.

In addition to filters, several other named parameters can be used to control how the results are presented. All of them are optional.

The format parameter determines how the list of tickets is presented:

• list -- the default presentation is to list the ticket ID next to the summary, with each ticket on a separate line.
• compact -- the tickets are presented as a comma-separated list of ticket IDs.
• count -- only the count of matching tickets is displayed
• table -- a view similar to the custom query view (but without the controls)

The max parameter can be used to limit the number of tickets shown (defaults to 0, i.e. no maximum).

The order parameter sets the field used for ordering tickets (defaults to id).

The desc parameter indicates whether the order of the tickets should be reversed (defaults to false).

The group parameter sets the field used for grouping tickets (defaults to not being set).

The groupdesc parameter indicates whether the natural display order of the groups should be reversed (defaults to false).

The verbose parameter can be set to a true value in order to get the description for the listed tickets. For table format only. deprecated in favor of the rows parameter

The rows parameter can be used to specify which field(s) should be viewed as a row, e.g. rows=description|summary

For compatibility with Trac 0.10, if there's a last positional parameter given to the macro, it will be used to specify the format. Also, using "&" as a field separator still works (except for order) but is deprecated.

[[TitleIndex]]

Insert an alphabetic list of all wiki pages into the output.

Accepts a prefix string as parameter: if provided, only pages with names that start with the prefix are included in the resulting list. If this parameter is omitted, all pages are listed. If the prefix is specified, a second argument of value 'hideprefix' can be given as well, in order to remove that prefix from the output.

Alternate format and depth named parameters can be specified:

• format=compact: The pages are displayed as comma-separated links.
• format=group: The list of pages will be structured in groups according to common prefix. This format also supports a min=n argument, where n is the minimal number of pages for a group.
• format=hierarchy: The list of pages will be structured according to the page name path hierarchy. This format also supports a min=n argument, where higher n flatten the display hierarchy
• depth=n: limit the depth of the pages to list. If set to 0, only toplevel pages will be shown, if set to 1, only immediate children pages will be shown, etc. If not set, or set to -1, all pages in the hierarchy will be shown.

[[TracAdminHelp]]

Display help for trac-admin commands.

Examples:

[[TracAdminHelp]]               # all commands
[[TracAdminHelp(wiki)]]         # all wiki commands
[[TracAdminHelp(wiki export)]]  # the "wiki export" command
[[TracAdminHelp(upgrade)]]      # the upgrade command

[[TracGuideToc]]

Display a table of content for the Trac guide.

This macro shows a quick and dirty way to make a table-of-contents for the Help/Guide?. The table of contents will contain the Trac* and WikiFormatting pages, and can't be customized. Search for TocMacro? for a a more customizable table of contents.

[[TracIni]]

Produce documentation for the Trac configuration file.

Typically, this will be used in the TracIni page. Optional arguments are a configuration section filter, and a configuration option name filter: only the configuration options whose section and name start with the filters are output.

[[ViewTopic]]

Displays content of a discussion topic. If no argument passed tries to find the topic with the same name as is the name of the current wiki page. If the topic name is passed, displays that topic.

Macros from around the world

The ​Trac Hacks site provides a wide collection of macros and other Trac plugins contributed by the Trac community. If you're looking for new macros, or have written one that you'd like to share with the world, please don't hesitate to visit that site.

Developing Custom Macros

Macros, like Trac itself, are written in the ​Python programming language and are developed as part of TracPlugins.

For more information about developing macros, see the ​development resources on the main project site.

Here are 2 simple examples showing how to create a Macro with Trac 0.11.

Also, have a look at ​Timestamp.py for an example that shows the difference between old style and new style macros and at the ​macros/README which provides a little more insight about the transition.

Macro without arguments

To test the following code, you should saved it in a timestamp_sample.py file located in the TracEnvironment's plugins/ directory.

from datetime import datetime
# Note: since Trac 0.11, datetime objects are used internally

from genshi.builder import tag

from trac.util.datefmt import format_datetime, utc
from trac.wiki.macros import WikiMacroBase

class TimeStampMacro(WikiMacroBase):
    """Inserts the current time (in seconds) into the wiki page."""

    revision = "$Rev$"
    url = "$URL$"

    def expand_macro(self, formatter, name, text):
        t = datetime.now(utc)
        return tag.b(format_datetime(t, '%c'))

Macro with arguments

To test the following code, you should saved it in a helloworld_sample.py file located in the TracEnvironment's plugins/ directory.

from genshi.core import Markup

from trac.wiki.macros import WikiMacroBase

class HelloWorldMacro(WikiMacroBase):
    """Simple HelloWorld macro.

    Note that the name of the class is meaningful:
     - it must end with "Macro"
     - what comes before "Macro" ends up being the macro name

    The documentation of the class (i.e. what you're reading)
    will become the documentation of the macro, as shown by
    the !MacroList macro (usually used in the WikiMacros page).
    """

    revision = "$Rev$"
    url = "$URL$"

    def expand_macro(self, formatter, name, text, args):
        """Return some output that will be displayed in the Wiki content.

        `name` is the actual name of the macro (no surprise, here it'll be
        `'HelloWorld'`),
        `text` is the text enclosed in parenthesis at the call of the macro.
          Note that if there are ''no'' parenthesis (like in, e.g.
          [[HelloWorld]]), then `text` is `None`.
        `args` are the arguments passed when HelloWorld is called using a
        `#!HelloWorld` code block.
        """
        return 'Hello World, text = %s, args = %s' % \
            (Markup.escape(text), Markup.escape(repr(args)))

Note that expand_macro optionally takes a 4^th parameter args. When the macro is called as a WikiProcessor, it's also possible to pass key=value processor parameters. If given, those are stored in a dictionary and passed in this extra args parameter. On the contrary, when called as a macro, args is None. (since 0.12).

For example, when writing:

{{{#!HelloWorld style="polite"
<Hello World!>
}}}

{{{#!HelloWorld
<Hello World!>
}}}

[[HelloWorld(<Hello World!>)]]

One should get:

Hello World, text = <Hello World!> , args = {'style': u'polite'}
Hello World, text = <Hello World!> , args = {}
Hello World, text = <Hello World!> , args = None

Note that the return value of expand_macro is not HTML escaped. Depending on the expected result, you should escape it by yourself (using return Markup.escape(result)) or, if this is indeed HTML, wrap it in a Markup object (return Markup(result)) with Markup coming from Genshi, (from genshi.core import Markup).

You can also recursively use a wiki Formatter (from trac.wiki import Formatter) to process the text as wiki markup, for example by doing:

from genshi.core import Markup
from trac.wiki.macros import WikiMacroBase
from trac.wiki import Formatter
import StringIO

class HelloWorldMacro(WikiMacroBase):
        def expand_macro(self, formatter, name, text, args):
                text = "whatever '''wiki''' markup you want, even containing other macros"
                # Convert Wiki markup to HTML, new style
                out = StringIO.StringIO()
                Formatter(self.env, formatter.context).format(text, out)
                return Markup(out.getvalue())